While there is no general path to legal status for most undocumented people, many do qualify under specific categories. This section outlines common routes to legal residency and citizenship, and emphasizes the importance of getting trustworthy legal advice.

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Family-Based Immigration

• Marriage to a U.S. Citizen: Can lead to a green card, but process depends on how you entered the U.S. Those who entered legally (even if overstayed) can often adjust status without leaving. If you entered without inspection, you may need a waiver and brief departure.

• Other Family: U.S. citizens can sponsor parents, children, and siblings (wait times vary). Some people qualify under old petitions (before April 30, 2001) through 245(i).

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Humanitarian Programs

• Asylum: For those fleeing persecution. Must apply within a year of arrival unless exceptions apply. Grants work authorization and path to green card.

• U Visa: For victims of serious crimes (e.g., domestic violence, assault) who assist law enforcement.

• T Visa: For victims of trafficking.

• VAWA: For abused spouses, children, or parents of U.S. citizens or green card holders.

• TPS: Temporary protection for people from specific countries experiencing war or disaster.

• DACA: Protection and work permits for those brought to the U.S. as children. Currently closed to new applicants but renewals are ongoing.

• SIJ (Special Immigrant Juvenile): For minors abused or abandoned by parents.

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Military & Other Paths

• Parole in Place: For certain undocumented family members of U.S. military members.

• Long-Term Residence (Cancellation of Removal): If you’ve been here 10+ years and can prove extreme hardship to a U.S. citizen family member, you may qualify while in removal proceedings.

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Employment-Based Options

• Limited, but possible in special cases. If you once had a valid job petition filed, check if you qualify under 245(i).

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Naturalization (Citizenship)

• After 5 years with a green card (or 3 if married to a U.S. citizen), you may apply for citizenship. Requirements include good moral character, English and civics tests, and residency.

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Action Steps:

• Talk to a Lawyer: Use nonprofit legal services or accredited reps.

• Keep Records: Save documents that prove your time in the U.S., family ties, or crime victim status.

• Avoid Notario Fraud: Only use licensed attorneys or DOJ-accredited reps. Check credentials.

• Stay Informed: Follow trusted immigrant organizations for updates on law or policy changes.

• Prepare for Opportunities: File taxes if possible, learn English, and keep a clean record to improve your chances.